Epilepsy, which causes seizures, is one of the most common types of neurological conditions. It can be caused by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. However, there are instances in which the condition is caused by a single genetic mutation. Epilepsy-causing genetic changes can occur in genes like CDKL5 and FOXG1. Because there are many different causes, the condition has been common throughout history. Its presence in different regions and eras means that depictions of those that suffered from it vary greatly.
Ancient Times
One of the earlier known references to epilepsy-like symptoms appears in an Ancient Mesopotamian text called The Code Of Hammurabi that is believed to be around 4,000 years old. It describes what could be interpreted as seizures and lists them as a valid reason to return a newly-purchased slave. It also prevents those with epilepsy symptoms from marrying or testifying in court. The Romans believed that the condition was both undesirable and contagious but this idea was probably replaced by the opinions of the Ancient Greeks. The Ancient Greeks viewed epilepsy as “sacred” and considered it to be an indicator of a person’s divine spirit and genius. Julius Caesar, a famous Roman Emperor, is believed by scholars to have pushed the idea that he had epilepsy as a way of improving his public image.
The Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the rise of Christianity began to change the way that epilepsy was seen. Seizures were believed to be caused by evil beings that were controlling an individual. Fears of epilepsy continued well past the middle ages and English citizens were known to try and protect themselves from the so-called “falling sickness” by wearing rings.
Present-Day
The old Christian belief that epilepsy is really a sign of a demonic presence still remains in some communities. It has even led to reports of modern exorcisms. However, the present-day challenges of epilepsy patients are generally a bit different than they were in the middle ages. People with epilepsy tend to be socially excluded due to their limited methods of transportation and parents of children with epilepsy may also struggle to support their kids’ emotional and financial needs. Overall, society still has a ways to go to improve the experiences of epilepsy sufferers.
